![]() Temporary respiratory arrest is called apnea. ![]() As dyspnea is shortness of breath, usually with the need to use auxiliary respiratory mussels. Slow breathing- bradypnoea - is found in patients with depression, in patients under the influence of certain drugs, or in patients with increased intracranial pressure. Respiratory rate may be affected by lung diseases, heart ailments, central nervous system disturbance, blood disorders (anemia) or toxic and metabolic processes.Īccelerated breathing is called tachypnoea, it may de an important sign of lung disease, but occurs when agitated, increased body temperature, hypoxia or increased exertion. In men we observe a more abdominal type of breathing (mainly diaphragmatic movements), in women we observe costal type breathing (raising and lowering of the ribcage). During normal eupnoea respiration, both halves of the chest participate at the same time and equally. Respiratory Movements įor respiratory movements, we monitor the type of respiration, symmetry and respiratory rate (physiologically 16–20 breaths / min). The arched heart puts pressure on the chest wall, which creates a mound. Significant deformity can be observed in patients with congenital heart disease or defect in early childhood. Chest Deformities - most often the consequences of lung or pleural disease (adhesions after inflammation, tuberculosis) due to fibrotic and adhesive changes this may cause chest diameters to shorten.Can comprimes ventilation and overload pulmonary circulation. A marked backwards and lateral curvature of the spine. Kyphoscoliosis - kyphosis and scoliosis of the thoracic spine.Funnel breast - 2 forms: inverted lower sternum (funnel) or inverted whole sternum (shuttle).Usually without clinical significance.Pegion breast - protruding breast bone.(COPD may be present without a barrel chest) The sternum is arched out, and the spine may be kyphotic. Barrel (emphysematous) - found with obstructive lung disease, in this condition the expiration is prolonged, difficult, the chest is permanently in inspiratory position.The normal chest is symmetrical on both sides.Ībnormal Chest Shape The shape of the chest changes during growth and adolescence. 4.4 Auscultation of voice sounds - Bronchophonyĭuring the examination, we notice the shape, deformities, respiratory movements and soft parts.3.3 Changes in Percussion Sounds Over The Lung.
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